Syntax
>>> CONNECTION: elem1 elem2 (elem_i elem_j ...) (++/+-/-+ iplus ([islotb-islote]))
or
>>> CONNECTION COORDINATES: X Y Z
or
>>> CONNECTION COORDINATE BOX (ROTATE) (OUTSIDE): Xmin Ymin Zmin Zmax Ymax Zmax
or
>>> CONNECTION COORDINATE ELLIPSOID (ROTATE) (OUTSIDE): Xcenter Ycenter Zcenter Zsemiaxis Ysemiaxis Zsemiaxis
or
>>> CONNECTION COORDINATE CYLINDER (ROTATE) (OUTSIDE): Xstart Ystart Zstart Zend Yend Zend Radius
or
>>> CONNECTION COORDINATE CUBE (ROTATE) (OUTSIDE): Xcenter Ycenter Zcenter Zsemilength Ysemilength Zsemilength
or
>>> CONNECTION COORDINATE PRISM (OUTSIDE) AXIS: ijkAXIS POLYGON: NP : Axismin Axismax C1,1 C1,2 ... CNP,1 CNP,2
or
>>> CONNECTION PROFILE/MAP/CROSS-SECTION
or
>>> MATERIAL: mat1 mat2 (mat3 mat4 ... ...)
Parent Command
>> FLOW
Subcommand
all fourth-level commands in block > OBSERVATION
Description
This command reads pairs of element names defining a connection. Element names are designated by a three-character/two-integer (FORTRAN format: AAAII) code name. Blanks in the element names as printed in the TOUGH2 output file must be replaced by underscores (e.g., an element name specified in the TOUGH2 input file as ‘B 007’ is printed as ‘B 0 7’ to the TOUGH2 output file. Therefore, it must be addressed in the iTOUGH2 input file as ‘B_0_7’). Multiple connections can be specified, and iTOUGH2 calculates the sum or mean of all flow rates (see subcommands >>>> SUM and >>>> AVERAGE, respectively). A sequence of iplus connections can be generated where the number found in the substring [islotb-islote] (default: [4-last]) of the first and/or the second element is increased by 1. If only the first (second) element in a sequence of connections should be increased, use +- (-+). If both elements are to be increased, use + (or ++). The following two command lines are thus identical:
>>> CONNECTION: AA__1 BB_15 -+ 2 [4-5]
>>> CONNECTION: AA__1 BB_15 AA__1 BB_16 AA__1 BB_17
If keyword COORDINATES is present, coordinates can be specified, and the connection closest to these coordinates will be identified.
If keywords COORDINATE BOX, COORDINATE ELLIPSOID, COORDINATE CYLINDER, COORDINATE CUBE, or COORDINATE PRISM POLYGON: NP AXIS: ijkAXIS (where NP is the number of points defining the polygon, and ijkAXIS = 1, 2, or 3 defines the alignement of the prism axis with the X, Y, or Z coordinate axis, respectively) are present, all connections within the specified region will be included in the element list. The region is defined according to the following table. If keyword COMPLEMENT or OUTSIDE is present, the complementary region is selected (i.e., all connections outside the defined geometry). Element coordinates must be present in columns 51-80 of the TOUGH2 ELEME block.
| KEYWORD | i=1 | i=2 | i=3 | i=4 | i=5 | i=6 | i=7 | i=8 | i=9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (none) | X | Y | Z | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| BOX | X-min | Y-min | Z-min | X-max | Y-max | Z-max | azimuth | dip | plunge |
| ELLIPSOID | X-center | Y-center | Z-center | X-semi-axis | Y-semi-axis | Z-semi-axis | azimuth | dip | plunge |
| CYLINDER | X-start | Y-start | Z-start | X-end | Y-end | Z-end | radius | – | – |
| CUBE | X-center | Y-center | Z-center | X-half-length | Y-half-length | Z-half-length | azimuth | dip | plunge |
| PRISM | Axismin | Axismax | C1,1 | C1,2 | Ci,1 | Ci,2 | CNP,1 | CNP,2 |
Add keyword ANGLE or ROTATE if the region is not aligned with the coordinate axes, and provide azimuth, dip, and plunge correction angles.
Keywords CONSTANT (default), LINEAR, SPHERICAL, EXPONENTIAL, or RAMP may be added to weigh the contribution of each observation according to its distance from the center of the region.
If keyword PROFILE, CROSS-SECTION, or MAP is present, the data (which must be provided in an external file, see command >>>> DATA FILE: filename) are organized spatially by lists of coordinates followed by columns of measured values for each survey time. The data will be assigned to the nearest connection (element coordinates must be present in columns 51-80 of the TOUGH2 ELEME block.). Keyword PROFILE supports one-dimensional, vertical data profiles (i.e., Z-coordinates), whereas CROSS-SECTION and MAP both require X-, Y-, and Z-coordinates. Profile data are given as follows:
NZ NT
XCoord YCoord
Time(1) Time(2) ... Time(NT)
Z(1) Data(1,1) Data(1,2) ... Data(1,NT)
Z(2) Data(2,1) Data(2,2) ... Data(2,NT)
... ... ... ... ...
Z(NZ) Data(NZ,1) Data(NZ,2) ... Data(NZ,NT)
Two- or three-dimensional data are given as follows:
NP NT
Time(1) Time(2) ... Time(NT)
X(1) Y(1) Z(1) Data(1,1) Data(1,2) ... Data(1,NT)
X(2) Y(2) Z(2) Data(2,1) Data(2,2) ... Data(2,NT)
... ... ... ... ... ... ...
X(NP) Y(NP) Z(NP) Data(NP,1) Data(NP,2) ... Data(NP,NT)
If command >>> MATERIAL is used, all connections across the interface between pairs of materials are selected. The sign of the flow rate is automatically adjusted so that flow across the interface is defined using a consistent definition of direction, regardless of the order of elements in the connection.
Example
> OBSERVATION
>> LIQUID FLOW RATE
>>> list of CONNECTIONS: ELM_1 ELM_2 + 48
>>>> ANNOTATION : Boundary flux
>>>> take the SUM of the flow rates across 49 connections
>>>> DATA on FILE : flow.dat
>>>> RELATIVE error: 10 %
<<<<
<<<
>> GAS FLOW RATE
>>> all CONNECTIONS in ROTATED COORDINATE BOX with RAMP influence function: 100 250 -1 100 300 1 60 0 0 0.8
>>>> ANNOTATION : Surface gas release
>>>> take SUM of flow rates across surface
>>>> HEADER : 2
>>>> COLUMNS : 1 3
>>>> DATA on FILE : flow.dat
>>>> RELATIVE error: 10 %
<<<<
<<<
>> RN1 FLOW RATE across...
>>> boundary between MATERIALS: WASTE BENTO WASTE DRAIN
>>>> Take SUM
<<<<
<<<
<<
See Also
>>>> AVERAGE | >>>> SUM